EDUCATIONE

CYBERBULLYING IN THE DIGITAL ERA AMONG ADOLESCENTS: A DESCRIPTIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

2026-02-19T13:35:16+07:00

The increasing intensity of adolescent social media use has been followed by a growing risk of cyberbullying, a form of online aggression that can disrupt psychological well-being, social interaction, and academic functioning. This study aimed to examine the forms, contributing factors, impacts, and prevention strategies of cyberbullying among adolescents through a descriptive literature review. The study analyzed 15 national and international scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025. The articles were identified through Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Garuda using the keywords “cyberbullying,” “adolescents,” and “social media.” The selection process applied inclusion criteria related to topic relevance, focus on adolescent populations, publication period, and full-text availability. The selected studies were analyzed through content analysis and thematic synthesis, including data reduction, coding, categorization, and interpretation of recurring patterns. The review shows that the most frequent forms of cyberbullying include online insults, body shaming, impersonation, social exclusion, and the dissemination of embarrassing content. The dominant contributing factors are anonymity, low digital literacy, peer pressure, oversharing behavior, and limited parental supervision. The major impacts include anxiety, depression, reduced self-esteem, social withdrawal, and decreased academic performance. The findings indicate that cyberbullying prevention requires integrated digital literacy education, family supervision, school-based counseling support, and policy-level protection. This literature-based synthesis contributes to a more coherent understanding of cyberbullying among adolescents and highlights the importance of collaborative prevention efforts in the digital era.

CYBER COUNSELING TO IMPROVE SCHOOL GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICES IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

2025-10-25T16:52:57+07:00

This scoping review examines what is known about the effectiveness, implementation models, challenges, and counselor competencies related to cyber counseling in primary and secondary school guidance services. A literature search was conducted in Scopus, ERIC, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SINTA, and Garuda for studies published between 2015 and 2025 using keywords such as “cyber counseling,” “online counseling,” and “digital school counseling.” The search, completed in January 2026, identified 124 records; after screening based on predefined criteria, 20 peer-reviewed articles were analyzed. Data were synthesized using thematic content analysis. Findings indicate that cyber counseling improves access and student participation through flexible communication formats, but its implementation faces barriers related to infrastructure, counselor digital competence, and ethical and data security issues. The literature also shows heterogeneous study designs and limited contextual coverage, which restrict generalizability. This review highlights the need for structured counselor training and supportive school policies for responsible integration of cyber counseling.

THE UTILIZATION OF EXPRESSIVE WRITING IN COUNSELING IN INDONESIA

2025-10-25T16:50:38+07:00

Expressive Writing is a therapeutic technique that encourages individuals to explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences through writing. This technique is especially beneficial for individuals who have difficulty expressing themselves or expressing their problems verbally in the counseling process. This study uses the literature review method with the aim of finding out the use of expressive writing in counseling in Indonesia. Data collection was carried out by conducting a review of various literature relevant to the research study using the keywords "expressive writing", "counseling", and "Indonesia" in proquest.com, ebsco. com, and scholar.google.com in the last five years which were then analyzed using content analysis and the results were presented descriptively. The results of the study show that the use of expressive writing in counseling in Indonesia is used in information services, group guidance, group counseling, and individual counseling to develop the ability to manage anger, emotions, reduce anxiety, aggressiveness, overcome learning saturation, anxiety, self acceptance, and improve career planning in students. Counselors can utilize expressive writing in counseling both individually, in groups, or in classics to help alleviate problems experienced by students in school.

CYBERCOUNSELING FOR GENERATION Z: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

2025-12-05T20:31:40+07:00

Digital technology and the internet are developing rapidly due to advances in science and technology. The development of the internet has had a positive impact on various mental health services in Indonesia. Cybercounseling is a new innovation in the world of counseling. Cybercounseling is an online counseling service that can be accessed anywhere by its users. The purpose of this study is to discuss the application and challenges of cybercounseling in Indonesia. This study uses a literature review method, analyzing 15 selected articles from an initial pool of 50 articles obtained through multiple databases, using keywords such as “cybercounseling,” “online counseling,” and “Generation Z.” The selection of articles focused on relevance to the development, opportunities, challenges, and recommendations for digital counseling. The findings suggest that cybercounseling aligns with the digital preferences of Generation Z, as its anonymity, accessibility, and flexibility facilitate engagement and reduce barriers to seeking support. However, its effectiveness is constrained by unresolved issues, particularly ethical standards, data security, and confidentiality, highlighting a gap between technological adoption and regulatory readiness. These challenges suggest that successful implementation depends not only on technological availability but also on clear governance and professional preparedness. In conclusion, the literature indicates that cybercounseling is a promising innovation for expanding mental health support for Generation Z in Indonesia. Nevertheless, realizing its potential requires strengthened regulations, reliable infrastructure, and continuous development of counselors’ digital competencies. Addressing these factors is essential to ensure that cybercounseling services are effective, ethical, and responsive to the needs of a digitally connected generation in the Society 5.0 era.

HUMANISTIC SCHOOL MANAGEMENT FOR SAFE AND SUPPORTIVE SCHOOL CULTURES: AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2026-07-13T16:01:10+07:00

Policies that define safe schools often specify desired conditions but leave unclear how leaders can convert rights-based commitments into routines that shape everyday experience. This study develops an integrative framework for humanistic school management within Indonesia's Budaya Sekolah Aman dan Nyaman (BSAN), rendered here as Safe and Supportive School Culture. An integrative policy-conceptual review synthesized 40 substantive sources published between 1943 and 2026 across humanistic management, school climate, leadership, relational pedagogy, inclusion, partnership, restorative practice, digital safety, and authoritative policy standards. Sources were analyzed through deductive coding against four BSAN protection domains and inductive mechanism coding, followed by model construction and contradiction checking. The synthesis identifies five mutually reinforcing organizational capabilities: dignity-anchored leadership, protective governance, relational pedagogy, collaborative partnership, and continuous evaluation. These capabilities operate through relational trust, procedural predictability, psychological safety, stakeholder legitimacy, and organizational learning. The framework distinguishes harm reduction from flourishing and shows that humanism requires enforceable systems, not benevolent interpersonal style alone. It also surfaces five implementation tensions: care versus permissiveness, early detection versus surveillance, participation versus tokenism, contextual adaptation versus rights dilution, and restorative responses versus mandatory referral. The study contributes a multilevel architecture, implementation roadmap, and balanced indicator set linking policy mandates to observable practice. Empirical multi-site testing should examine whether the proposed mechanisms predict safety, belonging, engagement, and equitable well-being across diverse school contexts.

STRENGTHENING ENVIRONMENTAL EDU-LITERACY THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ADIWIYATA PROGRAM

2025-08-21T13:12:52+07:00

Low participation of school members in waste management and the limited integration of environmental education into the school curriculum are key challenges in implementing the Environmental Care and Culture Movement in Schools (PBLHS) at SMP Al-Fattah Tambakrejo, Semarang City. This research employed a community-based participatory action design involving teachers, students, and Adiwiyata cadres as active partners. The program was implemented over an eight-month period through four main stages: (1) needs assessment and initial coordination, (2) capacity building via training and workshops on environmental literacy, leadership, and waste management, (3) provision of eco-friendly facilities including reusable eating–drinking utensils and a maggot cultivation unit for organic waste processing, and (4) mentoring and evaluation of behavioral change. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test questionnaires, observation of waste generation, and documentation of lesson plan (RPP) integration. The findings show an increase in the number of teachers incorporating environmental topics into RPPs, a 50% rise in student participation in waste reduction activities, and a measurable decrease in single-use plastic and food waste generation. The study demonstrates that combining curriculum integration, student leadership empowerment, and simple waste processing technology can significantly strengthen environmental edu-literacy and foster a sustainable school culture.

BALANCING SHIFTS AND MARRIAGE: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WORKLOAD AND MARITAL ROLE CONFLICT AMONG MARRIED FEMALE NURSES

2026-01-16T23:03:25+07:00

Female nurses commonly face dual-role demands from shift-based clinical work and family responsibilities, which can heighten marital role conflict and threaten work–family balance. This study examined the association between perceived workload and marital role conflict among married female nurses at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Temanggung. Using a quantitative correlational design, data were collected from 90 married female nurses selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Workload was measured with the NASA Task Load Index (NASA–TLX), while marital role conflict was assessed using the Work–Family Conflict Scale developed by Netemeyer et al. (1996). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between workload and marital role conflict (r = 0.311; p = 0.003), indicating that higher perceived workload is associated with greater conflict in fulfilling marital and family roles. These findings suggest that workload—particularly in shift-based nursing—may contribute to strain at home through reduced time, energy depletion, and emotional fatigue. The study concludes that hospital management should prioritize more proportional workload allocation and fairer shift arrangements, complemented by supportive programs (e.g., stress management, supervisor support, and work–family facilitation) to protect nurses’ well-being and family functioning. Future research should employ longitudinal or mixed-method designs and test potential mediators/moderators such as job resources, social support, marital satisfaction, and coping strategies.

EVALUATING ROLE-PLAY INSTRUCTION TO IMPROVE MAHARAH KALAM: A MIXED-METHODS

2026-02-28T14:11:30+07:00

Effective Arabic learning requires innovative methods that are able to improve students' communicative skills, especially in speaking skills (Maharah Kalam) which are often a challenge at the madrasah level. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of the Role Play method on increasing the Maharah Kalam of grade VII students at MTs Ar-Riyadh Pangkalan Balai. This study uses a mixed method method by combining quantitative and qualitative data through a one group pretest–posttest design, where all students receive learning treatment using the Role Play method. The results of the study show that the Role Play method has a significant positive influence on improving students' speaking skills. This can be seen from the increase in the average score from 64.90 in the pretest to 87.80 in the posttest, with a difference of 22.90 points and a significance value of p < 0.001, which confirms the existence of a very statistically significant increase. These findings are in line with Vygotsky's scaffolding theory which emphasizes the importance of social interaction in language acquisition, as well as the theory of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) which makes language production the core of learning. Thus, Maharah Kalam learning based on Role Play is considered effective in increasing students' fluency in speaking, courage, and activeness, and is feasible to be applied as a strategy to improve the quality of Arabic learning in madrasas.

HOMEROOM GROUP GUIDANCE AND STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF THE RISKS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

2026-04-05T17:25:33+07:00

Premarital sexual behavior among adolescents is associated with serious health and psychosocial risks, while school-based sexual health education in Indonesia remains constrained by cultural taboos and limited structured programs. This study examined whether participation in homeroom group guidance was associated with changes in students’ understanding of the risks of premarital sexual behavior. The study employed a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design involving 15 ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 41 Semarang, Indonesia. The intervention consisted of five homeroom group guidance sessions designed to provide structured information, guided discussion, and reflective learning on the risks and consequences of premarital sexual behavior. Descriptively, students’ mean scores increased from 17.2 on the pretest to 33.9 on the posttest, with a mean difference of 16.73. The available paired-samples output indicated a statistically significant pre-post difference, t(14) = 17.83, p < .001, with an estimated large paired effect size (dz = 4.60). However, because the posttest distribution was non-normal and the study used a one-group design without a comparison group, the finding should be interpreted as preliminary rather than as conclusive causal evidence. Overall, the results suggest that homeroom group guidance shows promise as a school-based approach for improving adolescents’ understanding of sexual health risks. Future studies should employ larger samples, comparison groups, and appropriate non-parametric or robust reanalysis using raw paired data to strengthen inference.

A SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIALIZATION STRATEGY FOR NEW STUDENT RECRUITMENT

2026-02-28T14:11:12+07:00

This study examines the socialization strategy used in new student recruitment at MTs Negeri 1 Palembang and explores how the strategy can be interpreted through a SWOT framework. A qualitative descriptive design was employed to capture how recruitment-related socialization is planned, implemented, and evaluated in the institutional setting. Data were collected through non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving the principal, the vice principal for student affairs, the PPDB committee chair, teachers involved in promotion, parents, and prospective students. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while triangulation was used to enhance the trustworthiness of the findings. The results indicate that the madrasah implements socialization through a combination of digital and face-to-face channels, including social media, brochures, school visits, and direct communication with parents and feeder schools. Its key strengths include institutional reputation, qualified human resources, and adequate facilities, whereas its main weaknesses lie in the limited variety of promotional content and the suboptimal use of digital communication. Externally, the institution benefits from growing public interest in Islamic education and wider access to communication technology, but it also faces strong competition from other schools and changing parental expectations. The study concludes that SWOT analysis is useful not only for identifying strategic factors but also for formulating more adaptive, focused, and sustainable socialization strategies for student recruitment.

THE APPLICATION OF GRADUAL CHUNKING TECHNIQUE IN MANAGING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

2026-01-16T23:03:02+07:00

This study aimed to explore students’ experiences in applying the gradual chunking technique to manage academic procrastination. The study employed a qualitative phenomenological design to understand the subjective meanings constructed by students when dealing with the tendency to delay academic tasks. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with students in the Islamic Guidance and Counseling Education Program at Universitas Pelita Bangsa who had experienced academic procrastination and had applied gradual chunking in completing academic assignments. The data were analyzed thematically with the support of NVivo through data reduction, coding, categorization, theme development, and verification. The findings indicate that academic procrastination emerges from the interaction of internal and external factors. Internal factors include negative perceptions of academic tasks, academic anxiety, perfectionism, weak time management, and physical fatigue. External factors include social media distraction, heavy task loads, closely spaced deadlines, and social and academic dynamics. The application of gradual chunking was perceived to help students initiate tasks, reduce feelings of being overwhelmed, improve focus, and strengthen self-regulation and self-efficacy during task completion. These findings suggest that gradual chunking has strong potential as an academic support strategy for helping students manage procrastinatory behavior.

EVALUATING CURRICULUM PROGRAM SUCCESS USING TYLER’S GOAL-ORIENTED EVALUATION MODEL

2026-02-28T14:10:17+07:00

Curriculum evaluation is essential for determining whether educational programs are implemented in line with intended goals and for identifying areas requiring improvement. This study evaluated curriculum program implementation at SMP Negeri 4 Ambon using Tyler’s goal-oriented evaluation model. The study employed a descriptive quantitative design and involved all 73 teachers at the school through total sampling. Data were collected using a 16-item questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale designed to capture teachers’ perceptions of curriculum objectives, learning experiences, organization of learning experiences, and outcome assessment. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings show a minimum score of 68, a maximum score of 80, a mean score of 77.47, and a standard deviation of 4.93. These results indicate that respondents generally perceived curriculum implementation at SMP Negeri 4 Ambon positively and showed relatively consistent responses across participants. Interpreted through Tyler’s framework, the findings suggest that the curriculum program was largely aligned with its intended goals, supported by planned learning activities and a structured evaluation process. However, because the study relied on teacher perceptions and descriptive statistics, the findings should be interpreted as evidence of favorable implementation rather than definitive proof of curriculum effectiveness. The study nevertheless provides a useful school-level evaluation baseline for continuous curriculum improvement.

LEARNING PROGRAM EVALUATION AND TEACHING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: A QUANTITATIVE CIPP STUDY

2026-02-28T14:10:02+07:00

This study was motivated by the absence of a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of school learning programs designed to improve teaching quality at SMP Negeri 3 Ambon. Although the school has implemented several improvement initiatives, including teacher training, academic supervision, project-based curriculum development, and the strengthening of digital learning facilities, their overall effectiveness had not been quantitatively assessed. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of these learning programs using the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model. A descriptive quantitative design was employed involving 20 respondents, consisting of teachers and educational staff, selected through total sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire developed according to the four CIPP dimensions and analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation using SPSS version 25. The findings revealed that the overall implementation of the learning programs was rated very good, with a mean score of 4.41. Among the CIPP dimensions, product received the highest score (4.70), followed by context (4.60), process (4.40), and input (4.30). In addition, the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.781 (p < 0.05) indicated a significant relationship between learning program implementation and teaching quality improvement. The study concludes that the CIPP model is effective for comprehensively evaluating school learning programs and for identifying strengths and areas for improvement. These findings provide empirical support for school leaders and policymakers in making evidence-based decisions to enhance teaching quality. Future research is recommended to involve larger samples, multiple schools, and mixed-method approaches to produce broader and deeper evaluation results.

UTILIZATION OF LABORATORIES AND EDUCATIONAL SERVICES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS' MATERIAL MATERIAL MASTERY

2026-02-18T09:27:55+07:00

Rapid developments in science and technology demand that schools optimize learning facilities and educational services to improve students’ mastery of learning materials. In many junior high schools, especially in developing and border areas, laboratories and educational services are available but not always utilized optimally. This study aims to analyze the influence of laboratory utilization (computer and science laboratories) and educational services on students’ material mastery in junior high schools across Raimanuk District, Belu Regency. Employing a quantitative ex post facto research design, data were collected through questionnaires administered to 100 teachers selected using proportional random sampling from a population of 133 teachers in six junior high schools. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis to examine both partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on students’ material mastery. The results indicate that laboratory utilization has a positive and significant effect on students’ mastery of learning materials. Educational services also show a significant positive influence, and jointly both variables contribute meaningfully to explaining variations in students’ material mastery. These findings suggest that practical learning experiences supported by structured and responsive educational services enhance students’ conceptual understanding. In conclusion, this study highlights that improving learning outcomes requires not only the availability of laboratories but also their effective utilization and integration with quality educational services. The study contributes scientifically by reinforcing an integrative perspective on educational infrastructure and services as complementary determinants of learning quality.

PARENTAL EMOTIONAL VALIDATION, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND MENTAL RESILIENCE AMONG VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS FROM INTACT FAMILIES

2026-02-28T13:54:36+07:00

Vocational high school students experience developmental demands related to academic achievement, social adjustment, and preparation for work. Although students from intact families are often assumed to receive adequate emotional protection, structural family completeness does not always guarantee emotional validation or sufficient social resources. This study aimed to examine the simultaneous effect of parental emotional validation and social support on the mental resilience of vocational high school students from intact families. A quantitative correlational approach with an ex post facto design was employed. The participants were 66 students of UPTD SMKN Balanipa, Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi, selected through purposive sampling based on the criterion of living with both parents in one household. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires measuring parental emotional validation, perceived social support, and mental resilience. The instruments met item validity criteria (r >= .30) and reliability criteria (Cronbach's alpha > .60). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression after the classical assumption requirements were fulfilled. The findings showed that parental emotional validation did not have a significant partial effect on mental resilience. However, parental emotional validation and social support simultaneously had a significant effect on students' mental resilience, F(2, 63) = 3.792, p = .028, with R² = .107. These results indicate that mental resilience is not shaped by family emotional processes alone, but by the interaction between family-based validation and broader social support. The findings imply that school guidance and counseling services should involve both parents and school-based support systems to strengthen students' resilience. Future studies are recommended to include school climate, coping strategies, self-esteem, and peer support as additional predictors.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM AND FEAR OF MISSING OUT AMONG PARENTS WHO USE FACEBOOK

2025-08-28T13:52:21+07:00

Fear of missing out (FoMO) has become an increasingly relevant psychological phenomenon in the digital era, including among parents who actively use Facebook. Self-esteem may be associated with FoMO because individuals with lower self-evaluation tend to seek external validation and remain continuously connected to social information. This study aimed to examine the relationship between self-esteem and FoMO among parents who use Facebook in Salatiga City. A quantitative correlational design was employed. Participants were 335 parents aged 18-60 years who had at least one child, actively used Facebook, and lived in Salatiga City. Participants were selected using purposive sampling based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Data were collected using an adapted Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) and the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOS). The instruments met the item-validity criterion and demonstrated acceptable reliability. Because the data were not normally distributed, the hypothesis was tested using Spearman's rank correlation. The results showed a significant negative association between self-esteem and FoMO (rho = -0.156, p = 0.004). This finding indicates that higher self-esteem is associated with lower FoMO; however, the relationship is very weak. Therefore, self-esteem should not be interpreted as the only psychological factor related to FoMO. Other factors, such as Facebook-use intensity, social comparison, loneliness, social anxiety, and digital self-validation, may also contribute to FoMO among parents. These findings provide an empirical basis for digital well-being programs that combine self-esteem strengthening with digital literacy and self-regulation strategies.

IMPLEMENTING INSTAGRAM-BASED SCHOOL PROMOTION: A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY OF PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGEMENT

2026-02-24T19:58:55+07:00

Competition among educational institutions in the digital era requires madrasahs to communicate their institutional value, achievements, and services through media that are accessible, visual, and interactive. MTs Negeri 1 Palembang has used Instagram as a school-promotion platform, yet its implementation still faces managerial constraints related to human resources, time allocation, and content consistency. This study aims to analyze how Instagram-based school promotion is implemented at MTs Negeri 1 Palembang and to identify the constraints and solutions encountered by the public relations team. The study employed a qualitative case study design. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews with key informants directly involved in promotion activities, including the Deputy Head of Madrasah for Public Relations and Instagram administrators, and documentation of school Instagram content, captions, comments, promotional materials, and school activity archives. The data were analyzed through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, while credibility was strengthened through source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that Instagram promotion was implemented through four public relations management functions: coordination, motivation, communication, and direction. Coordination ensured the availability of activity information and documentation; motivation supported continuity despite limited staff and time; communication connected internal information flows with public interaction; and direction maintained appropriate language, content selection, and institutional image. The main obstacles were the absence of a dedicated social media team, limited upload scheduling, and weak performance evaluation. The study concludes that Instagram-based promotion should be managed as an institutional public relations system, not merely as a posting activity, through clearer role distribution, content governance, posting calendars, and engagement evaluation.

SCHOOL CANTEEN SERVICE MANAGEMENT AND STUDENT SATISFACTION: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

2026-05-05T19:33:10+07:00

This study describes the management of school canteen services at SMP Negeri 19 Ambon and examines how the service supports student satisfaction, food safety, nutritional awareness, and a healthy school environment. The study was motivated by the role of the school canteen as a special educational service that provides food and beverages while also functioning as a medium for health education, character formation, and social interaction among students. This research employed a qualitative descriptive design. Data were collected through direct observation of canteen facilities and service practices, semi-structured interviews with the school principal, canteen manager, teachers involved in supervision, school infrastructure personnel, and student representatives, as well as documentation of school policies and canteen-related records. Data were analyzed through data condensation, thematic categorization, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by source and technique triangulation. The findings show that canteen management at SMP Negeri 19 Ambon has been implemented through basic planning, the formation of a supervisory team, daily food service operation, price control, and monitoring of food safety. Students generally expressed satisfaction with the affordability, taste, and accessibility of the food. However, several aspects still require improvement, including limited dining space, insufficient tables and chairs, occasional shortages of favorite menus, limited vegetable-based dishes, and the need for more systematic student feedback. The study concludes that the canteen has contributed positively to student welfare and school health culture, but its management should be strengthened through written service standards, menu diversification, facility improvement, nutrition education, and periodic evaluation of student satisfaction.

IMPLEMENTATION OF SYMBOLIC MODELING TECHNIQUES TO INCREASE ENTREPRENEURIAL MOTIVATION IN VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS

2025-09-09T11:40:43+07:00

Entrepreneurial motivation is a key factor in preparing vocational students to become independent and competitive in the world of work. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of symbolic modeling techniques in individual counseling services to enhance entrepreneurial motivation among vocational school students. The research employed a qualitative case study design with two twelfth-grade students from the Digital Business Department of Kartini Vocational High School, Jember, who were purposively selected for having low entrepreneurial motivation. Data were collected through observations, semi-structured interviews, documentation, and field notes, using video-based symbolic modeling of entrepreneurial role models as the intervention medium. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification, with triangulation applied to ensure validity. The results showed that both students demonstrated significant improvement in entrepreneurial motivation across Bandura’s four stages of modeling: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. The first student developed a realistic small-scale business plan with optimism and family support, while the second student presented ambitious entrepreneurial ideas but faced doubts regarding financial feasibility. Overall, the findings confirmed that symbolic modeling strengthened students’ self-confidence, perseverance, initiative, and willingness to take risks. These outcomes support Bandura’s social cognitive theory and Ryan’s self-determination theory, highlighting the role of observation, self-efficacy, and intrinsic motivation in fostering entrepreneurial readiness. This study concludes that symbolic modeling is an effective counseling strategy for enhancing entrepreneurial motivation and offers practical implications for counselors, teachers, and future research in vocational education.

IMPROVING TEACHER QUALITY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MERDEKA CURRICULUM: A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY

2026-03-16T07:00:41+07:00

This study examines how teacher quality is improved in the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum at SMA Negeri 42 Central Maluku, Indonesia. The study was motivated by the strategic role of teachers in translating curriculum reform into meaningful, differentiated, and student-centered learning, particularly in schools that face contextual limitations related to infrastructure, digital access, and teacher readiness. A descriptive qualitative case-study design was employed. The research participants were selected purposively and consisted of the principal and the vice principal for curriculum, both of whom were directly involved in curriculum implementation and teacher development programs. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal four interconnected dimensions of teacher-quality improvement. First, pedagogical competence was strengthened through in-house training, Merdeka Curriculum workshops, peer observation, learning communities, and training in the preparation of learning outcomes, learning objectives, teaching modules, and formative assessments. Second, personality competence was developed through stress-management webinars, emotional and spiritual intelligence training, coaching, and follow-up action plans designed to strengthen teachers as role models for character education and the Pancasila Student Profile. Third, social competence was enhanced through positive-culture workshops, collaborative reflection, and communication-oriented activities that supported inclusive learning relationships. Fourth, professional competence was improved through teacher working groups, direct practice, contextual adaptation, and the development of innovative teaching materials. The study concludes that teacher-quality improvement in the Merdeka Curriculum requires an integrated, school-based professional development model that combines technical training, reflective coaching, collegial collaboration, and contextual problem solving.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WARREN, PRATT, AND HOWE STEEL TRUSS BRIDGES (60 M SPAN) BASED ON SNI 1725:2016

2026-05-30T21:25:04+07:00

The rapid development of transportation infrastructure requires bridge designs that are safe, efficient, and economical. Steel truss bridges are widely used for medium- to long-span applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. This study aims to analyze and compare the structural performance of Warren Truss, Pratt Truss, and Howe Truss steel bridges with a 60 m span and to determine the most optimal truss configuration based on structural performance parameters. The main contribution of this study is the integration of truss-type comparison with two seismic loading scenarios, namely locally derived seismic parameters developed from site-specific seismic hazard and soil condition data, and seismic parameters specified in SNI 2833:2016. A quantitative approach was employed through numerical structural analysis using MIDAS Civil software based on the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method. Each bridge model was analyzed using identical geometric, material, and loading conditions. Structural performance was evaluated based on the Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR), maximum deflection, structural weight, and support reactions. Two seismic scenarios were considered, namely local seismic parameters generated using EZ-FRISK and seismic parameters based on SNI 2833:2016. The results indicate that all truss configurations satisfy the structural safety requirements with DCR values not exceeding 1.0. The Warren Truss exhibits the best overall performance, with maximum DCR values of 0.989 under local seismic loading and 0.970 under SNI seismic loading, a maximum deflection of 66.14 mm, and the lightest structural weight of 3000.8 kN. The Pratt Truss and Howe Truss have structural weights approximately 2.31% and 7.94% greater than that of the Warren Truss, respectively. The analysis further reveals that the locally derived seismic parameters generate higher internal forces, DCR values, and support reactions than those obtained from SNI 2833:2016, although their influence on structural deflection is relatively insignificant. Based on the evaluation of DCR, deflection, structural weight, and support reactions, the Warren Truss is identified as the most optimal configuration for a 60 m span steel truss bridge. This truss type provides the best balance of structural safety, stiffness, stability, and material efficiency. The findings of this study may serve as a reference for selecting steel truss configurations and highlight the importance of incorporating site-specific seismic characteristics into bridge design.

QR CODE–ENABLED DIGITAL BADMINTON MODULES IN HIGHER PHYSICAL EDUCATION: DEVELOPMENT, USABILITY, LEARNING AUTONOMY, AND MOTOR SKILL OUTCOMES

2026-06-20T11:41:46+07:00

Practice-oriented badminton courses require students to translate technical explanations into rapid, coordinated movement, yet conventional printed modules cannot adequately represent temporal, spatial, and biomechanical features of strokes. This study developed and evaluated a QR code–enabled digital badminton module designed as an on-court visual learning assistant for physical education students. A research-and-development design using the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model involved 55 purposively selected students: 15 in a small-scale trial and 40 in a large-scale trial. Data were collected through content- and media-expert validation forms, student-response questionnaires, and observational motor-skill assessments. Expert validation indicated very high feasibility for content (88.00%), language and theoretical presentation (86.00%), graphic design (92.00%), and QR functionality (94.00%). In the large-scale trial, positive responses reached 90.50% for access ease, 88.20% for video clarity, 86.80% for independent practice, and 92.00% for learning motivation. Reported pre–post comparisons showed significant improvements in short serve (gain = 16.30, p = .002), clear lob (gain = 23.20, p = .001), and drop shot performance (gain = 19.50, p = .004). The findings indicate that a low-friction combination of concise printed guidance, cloud-hosted video, and instant QR access can support independent rehearsal and motor-skill learning in higher physical education. The study contributes a field-oriented hybrid-media design that minimizes navigation demands during physical practice. Future research should use multisite controlled trials, report effect sizes and retention outcomes, and test offline access and automated motion-feedback features.

STRENGTHENING JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ LEARNING MOTIVATION THROUGH SELF-CONTROL AND FAMILY SUPPORT

2026-06-12T20:18:33+07:00

Learning motivation is essential for sustaining adolescents' engagement, persistence, and academic development, yet preliminary evidence from a public junior high school indicated that 61% of students had low motivation. This study examined self-control and family support as simultaneous predictors of learning motivation among junior high school students. A quantitative cross-sectional predictive design was used. The population comprised 580 students, from whom 231 participants were selected through grade-based quota sampling with sample size guided by the Krejcie-Morgan procedure. Data were collected using Likert-type scales measuring learning motivation, self-control, and family support and were analyzed through multiple linear regression in SPSS 26. The model was significant, F(2, 228) = 216.574, p < .001, and explained 65.5% of the variance in learning motivation (R = .809, R2 = .655, adjusted R2 = .652). Self-control was a positive predictor (B = .559, beta = .256, t = 5.884, p < .001), while family support showed a stronger positive contribution (B = .468, beta = .663, t = 15.264, p < .001). The findings indicate that motivated learning in early adolescence is jointly associated with students' capacity to regulate impulses and with informational, emotional, instrumental, and appraisal support from their families. Schools should therefore combine self-regulation development with structured family engagement. Longitudinal, multi-school, and multi-informant research is recommended to test causal pathways and contextual variation.

ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE, INNOVATION, AND DIGITAL MARKETING CAPABILITY IN MSMEs’ SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE

2025-11-18T20:04:33+07:00

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) require complementary organizational and digital capabilities to maintain competitiveness in increasingly dynamic markets. This study examines the effects of entrepreneurial culture and innovation on sustainable competitive performance and evaluates the direct and moderating role of digital marketing capability. A quantitative survey was administered to 136 owners or managers of processing-sector MSMEs in Semarang Regency, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling with 5,000 bootstrap resamples. Digital marketing capability had a strong positive effect on sustainable competitive performance (β = 0.602, p < .001), and innovation also had a positive effect (β = 0.218, p = .048). Entrepreneurial culture did not have a significant direct effect (β = −0.033, p = .604). Digital marketing capability negatively moderated the relationship between entrepreneurial culture and performance (β = −0.215, p = .002), indicating that entrepreneurial values may become less effective when they are not aligned with data-informed digital practices. Its positive moderation of the innovation–performance relationship did not reach the 5% significance level (β = 0.147, p = .056). The findings show that sustainable competitiveness depends more directly on actionable innovation and well-developed digital marketing capability than on entrepreneurial values alone. MSME support programs should therefore integrate product and process innovation with practical digital marketing, analytics, and managerial execution.

HOUSING EXPANSION AND LANDSCAPE FRAGMENTATION: A MULTITEMPORAL LANDSCAPE-METRICS ANALYSIS

2026-05-30T21:18:29+07:00

Mapanget District is a peri-urban growth area of Manado City where residential development has altered the composition and configuration of land use. This study reanalyzes a consistent 2014, 2019, and 2024 land-use series and uses landscape metrics to distinguish patch proliferation from spatial consolidation. Google Earth imagery was interpreted visually, digitized on screen, processed in ArcMap 10.8, and converted to raster for FRAGSTATS 4.2 analysis. The 2026 map is reported only as a separate descriptive snapshot because its class legend is not equivalent to the 2014-2024 classification. Between 2014 and 2024, residential land increased by 172.82 ha, while plantation and wasteland decreased by 154.80 ha and 37.42 ha, respectively. At the landscape level, Number of Patches increased from 1,152 to 1,530, Patch Density from 21.63 to 28.70 patches per 100 ha, Edge Density from 102.38 to 119.33 m/ha, and Shannon's Diversity Index from 1.22 to 1.27. Residential patches increased from 489 to 747; however, the slight decline after 2019 and the rise in residential Largest Patch Index from 1.44% to 3.29% indicate partial coalescence alongside continued outward expansion. The 2026 snapshot records 1,199.26 ha of settlement and 2,699.91 ha of plantation, but these values are not used to infer a continuous trend. The findings support compact, infrastructure-connected growth and stronger protection of remaining non-built-up land. Interpretation is limited by the absence of an independent accuracy assessment, a harmonized 2026 legend, and a class-to-class transition matrix.

QUANTIFYING LINEAR URBAN SPRAWL THROUGH OPEN SPACE FRAGMENTATION INDEX: EVIDENCE FROM THE TOMOHON–SONDER PERI-URBAN CORRIDOR, INDONESIA

2026-06-06T12:55:58+07:00

Urban sprawl is characterized by the horizontal expansion of urban areas, which puts pressure on natural resources, increases land consumption, and increases the need for infrastructure investment and maintenance. One key attribute used to explain this phenomenon is the fragmentation of open space due to uncontrolled urban growth. Therefore, city governments need to monitor trends in urban sprawl to formulate anticipatory strategies to address its consequences. This study explores the use of regression analysis to interpret linear urban sprawl in a peri-urban corridor using a simple open space fragmentation index (the ratio of open space to built-up land) as an indicator. This analysis focuses on the variation of the open space fragmentation index based on the relative distance from the point of origin of urban growth. This case study was conducted in an urban corridor in Tomohon City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results demonstrate that this approach is effective in verifying and interpreting the phenomenon of urban sprawl and has the potential to provide useful feedback for local governments.

DESIGNING A SCADA-BASED MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A SOLAR-POWERED LIVESTOCK FEED PRODUCTION MACHINE

2026-05-24T17:23:26+07:00

Livestock feed production in small- and medium-scale farming still relies heavily on manual control and limited energy monitoring, resulting in operational inefficiency, higher production costs, and difficulty in tracking real-time electricity consumption. This study aimed to design a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)-based monitoring and control system for a livestock feed production machine integrated with a solar photovoltaic power system. The research employed a Research and Development approach, involving problem identification, literature review, descriptive field analysis, hardware and software design, PLC ladder diagram development, and Human Machine Interface dashboard design. The proposed system integrates key SCADA components, including PLC, HMI, sensors, power meter, communication modules, and photovoltaic energy support. The design results show that the system can monitor electrical parameters such as voltage, current, power, energy consumption, and frequency in real time. The HMI dashboard enables operators to access data through tables, graphs, historical records, control menus, and alarm threshold settings. The study concludes that integrating SCADA with solar-powered livestock feed production technology can improve monitoring accuracy, operational efficiency, system safety, and energy sustainability. This research contributes to the development of smart farming technology by offering a conceptual model for automated, renewable-energy-based production systems. Future studies should focus on prototype implementation, field testing, cost-benefit analysis, and performance evaluation under different livestock production conditions.

DESIGN OF AN IOT-BASED SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC IRRIGATION PUMPING SYSTEM FOR RAINFED FARMING IN KEMBANG SARI VILLAGE

2026-05-24T17:45:59+07:00

Rainfed agriculture is highly vulnerable to rainfall variability and limited irrigation infrastructure, resulting in unstable agricultural production, particularly during prolonged dry periods. This study aimed to develop a detailed engineering design for an integrated solar-powered irrigation system equipped with Internet of Things monitoring for rainfed farmland in Kembang Sari Village. The study employed a research-and-development approach focusing on electrical-load analysis, photovoltaic and battery sizing, pump and reservoir configuration, hydraulic-system design, and sensor-based monitoring architecture. The proposed system integrates photovoltaic modules, a solar charge controller, lithium iron phosphate batteries, an inverter, a 1.5-hp irrigation pump, a water reservoir, and sensors for soil moisture, water level, flow rate, battery condition, and pump status. The results showed a total connected load of 1,156 W and a daily energy requirement of approximately 6,019 Wh. Considering an overall system efficiency of 80% and five peak-sun hours per day, the required generation capacity was estimated at 7,523.75 Wh/day. The recommended configuration consists of seven 250-Wp photovoltaic modules with a total capacity of 1.75 kWp, a minimum 50-A charge controller, a 6-kW inverter, and two 48-V 100-Ah lithium iron phosphate batteries. The hydraulic subsystem uses a pump with an estimated 12-m head and a 36-m³ reservoir to support a target water supply of approximately 36 m³/day. The integrated monitoring system enables remote supervision, automatic protection, and data-informed irrigation management. The design provides a technically coherent basis for prototype construction, although field validation is required to assess actual solar generation, pump performance, water adequacy, sensor reliability, maintenance requirements, and economic feasibility.

IOT-ENABLED WEB-BASED MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SOLAR-POWERED RICE FIELD IRRIGATION PUMPS: A SUSTAINABLE SMART AGRICULTURE DESIGN

2026-07-04T10:59:35+07:00

Efficient and sustainable irrigation requires an integrated approach to water management, energy supply, and remote supervision. This study aimed to design an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring and control system for a paddy-field irrigation pump using a web platform and a solar photovoltaic power source. A Research and Development approach was applied through literature review, functional requirement analysis, hardware and software architecture design, control-logic development, interface design, and database modelling. The proposed system uses an ESP32 microcontroller, an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for water-level measurement, a PZEM004T module for voltage, current, power, and energy monitoring, a relay-driven pump actuator, a local LCD, and a photovoltaic energy chain consisting of a solar panel, charge controller, battery, and inverter. The resulting design supports real-time monitoring, automatic operation based on minimum and maximum water-level thresholds, manual web-based control, historical data storage, and protection against critically low water levels and excessive pump power. The architecture also separates sensing, processing, communication, actuation, energy, application, and data-management layers, thereby improving maintainability and future scalability. The design provides a coherent basis for a more flexible and environmentally responsible irrigation system; however, field implementation and performance testing are still required to evaluate sensor accuracy, communication stability, energy efficiency, and long-term reliability.

STRENGTHENING ADOLESCENT IDENTITY AWARENESS AND SELF-POTENTIAL RECOGNITION THROUGH GROUP COUNSELING

2026-06-07T14:28:19+07:00

Adolescents are vulnerable to identity confusion and low self-confidence when social pressure and repeated comparison with peers obscure their understanding of personal strengths. This study examined the implementation of group counseling to strengthen identity awareness and self-potential recognition among junior high school students. The study used Guidance and Counseling Action Research with a qualitative descriptive approach. Three Grade VIII students were selected from the personal-domain results of the General Problem Checklist (AUM Umum). Data were collected through participatory observation, brief interviews, documentation, self-assessment, and group reflection. The intervention comprised four counseling sessions addressing self-introduction, exploration of strengths, reflection on social comparison, and formulation of personal development commitments. The findings indicated observable improvement in students’ willingness to describe themselves, identify nonacademic as well as academic strengths, express feelings, accept limitations, and establish realistic development goals. Group interaction provided corrective feedback and emotional support that reduced deficit-focused self-evaluation and encouraged more balanced self-perceptions. Within the limits of a small action-research group, the study indicates that structured group counseling can support healthier identity construction and more purposeful recognition of adolescent potential.

READY TO CONQUER THE WORLD OF WORK: THE ROLES OF SELF-EFFICACY AND SOCIAL SUPPORT

2026-06-06T12:47:41+07:00

Work readiness is essential for high school students who may enter employment immediately after graduation, particularly in industrial regions where youth unemployment remains high. This study examined whether self-efficacy and perceived social support predict work readiness among students at a public high school in Karawang, Indonesia. A quantitative correlational design was employed with a population of 1,284 students. Using stratified random sampling and the Krejcie-Morgan sample-size table, 296 students were selected. Data were collected using the Work Readiness Scale, the 12-item General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The instruments were reviewed through a tryout involving 31 respondents before the main data collection. Multiple linear regression was conducted with JASP. Self-efficacy significantly and positively predicted work readiness (t = 5.079, p < .001), and perceived social support was also a significant positive predictor (t = 2.963, p = .003). Jointly, both variables significantly predicted work readiness, F(2, 293) = 28.78, p < .001. The model explained 16.4% of the variance in work readiness (R² = .164), indicating that personal confidence and supportive relationships contribute to students' preparation for employment, although other career-related factors remain influential. Schools and families should therefore strengthen sustained career guidance, confidence-building activities, and supportive communication to improve students' transition into work.

URBAN ELEMENTS IN SHAPING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AREA IDENTITY

2026-06-06T13:29:58+07:00

Sustainable tourism areas require spatial environments that protect ecological resources while producing a distinctive and memorable destination identity. This study analyzes the role of urban elements in shaping sustainable tourism area identity in an emerging coastal destination. A descriptive qualitative design was employed through field observation, semi-structured interviews, documentation, and literature review. The analysis focused on eight urban elements: land use, building form and massing, circulation and parking, open spaces, pedestrian pathways, supporting activities, signage, and environmental preservation. The findings show that the identity of the tourism area is shaped most strongly by coastal landscapes, natural open spaces, mangrove and coral reef ecosystems, and community-based activities. These elements strengthen sense of place, visual attractiveness, ecological value, and the authenticity of visitor experience. However, pedestrian facilities, wayfinding systems, parking management, and architectural design control remain insufficiently integrated with sustainability principles. The study formulates an Urban Elements-Based Tourism Area Identity Model, which positions spatial-physical, socio-cultural, visual-legibility, and ecological elements as interconnected determinants of sustainable destination identity. The model offers a conceptual framework for planners and policymakers seeking to balance tourism competitiveness, environmental conservation, and local identity.

PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLER AND HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE RETROFIT FOR SHEET-METAL CUTTING CONTROL

2026-06-26T19:42:45+07:00

A 1995 Colgar sheet-metal cutting machine used in the Manufacturing Laboratory of Politeknik Negeri Manado experienced degraded cutting performance, a disabled automatic cycle, an unreliable safety function, and a non-functional blade-gap adjustment mechanism. This study aimed to retrofit the machine control system by integrating a programmable logic controller, a human-machine interface, limit sensors, a variable-frequency drive, and interlock-based emergency logic. The study used a research-and-development design combined with experimental validation. Data were collected through machine inspection, input-output mapping, ladder-diagram programming, HMI screen development, electrical installation, and functional testing with 2 mm and 6 mm steel plates. The retrofit restored manual and automatic blade movement, reactivated the worktable/blade-gap mechanism, enabled operator monitoring through HMI screens, and improved safety through upper and lower limit sensors, emergency stop logic, visual indicators, and audible alarms. Post-retrofit tests showed that the blade-gap setting operated normally, with a 0.35 mm gap for 2 mm steel plates and a 0.75 mm gap for 6 mm steel plates. The machine could perform a complete automatic down-and-up cycle through a single command while retaining full manual control. The findings indicate that PLC-HMI retrofitting is a practical modernization strategy for legacy sheet-metal machines because it improves functionality, operational accuracy, usability, and machine safety without replacing the main mechanical structure.

SCARCITY-DRIVEN FOMO MARKETING IN FACEBOOK PROMOTIONAL COPY: A QUALITATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS OF RETAIL ADVERTISING

2026-06-12T20:49:53+07:00

Social media retailers increasingly use scarcity-oriented copy to make promotional offers appear urgent, limited, and socially desirable. This study aimed to identify and explain how Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)-related cues are linguistically constructed in Facebook retail promotional copy. A qualitative descriptive content analysis was conducted on 24 purposively selected public Facebook advertisement posts from retail sellers in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The unit of analysis was each caption or visual-text expression that represented time scarcity, quantity scarcity, or social proof. Data were transcribed, anonymized, and coded using an operational codebook adapted from persuasion and FOMO literature. The analysis identified 29 cue occurrences across the 24 posts. Time scarcity was the most frequent cue with 14 occurrences, mainly expressed through same-day offers, promo deadlines, and limited promotional periods. Quantity scarcity appeared 13 times through remaining-stock statements, limited-unit claims, and first-come-first-served expressions. Social proof appeared only twice and did not stand independently, as both occurrences were combined with time scarcity. These findings indicate that local Facebook retail copy constructs FOMO primarily through temporal and quantitative limitation cues rather than through social validation alone. The study contributes to digital marketing communication by clarifying how scarcity-driven FOMO cues are textualized in local promotional discourse. Its limitation is that it analyzes advertising texts, not consumer responses; therefore, behavioral effects require further research.